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The casing of a Francis turbine in power plants is filled with water, which means that an even force acts on all runner blades. The turbine’s power depends on the water flow rate and on the direction of the flow relative to the runner blades. To regulate the water intake, the Francis turbine has additional blades mounted in the casing, which are connected to a mechanism called the guide vane assembly.. By adjusting their position, the power output of the turbine can be regulated.
The runner shafts can be installed either horizontally or vertically. Francis turbines are used in power plants with medium water heads, ranging from 10 to 400 meters. Their efficiency reaches up to 93%.
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